Modern history of conflict in sudan pulitzer center. Conflict profile, causes, actors and dynamics tethloach ruey doctoral thesis dissertation politics international politics topic. For more than eighteen months, the intergovernmental authority on development igad, the regional body mediating peace negotiations to end south sudan s civil war, has struggled to secure a deal in the face of deep regional divisions and the parties truculence. In march, i traveled there, speaking with the countrys leaders and citizens about the southern crisis and learning about the three divergent narratives circulating in juba these days that attempt to explain its roots. Beyond greed and grievance in south sudan analysis of. Finding peaceful resolution to the conflict in south sudan 3 ethnic variety, hosting 60 indigenous ethnic groups, the majority being christian and a small part being muslim. South sudan, which separated from sudan in 2011 after almost 40 years of civil war, was drawn. South sudan conflict subregional refugee crisis adjusted planned results for background since 15 december 20, the escalation of armed ethnic conflict in south sudan has resulted in the death of hundreds and displacement of thousands of civilians. The comprehensive peace agreement cpa of 2005 resulted in the independence of south sudan.
The territory of southern sudan south sudan since 2011 has long been a site of mutual interventions and proxy conflict between khartoum and kampala. When water, land and oil mix with politics chapter pdf available june 20 with 4,283 reads how we measure reads. More specifically, the sudan case demonstrates intergovernmental authority on developments appropriateness in managing the conflict between the north and south, given the marginalization of the. The sudanese conflict in south kordofan and blue nile, also referred to by some media as the third sudanese civil war, is an ongoing armed conflict in the sudanese southern states of south kordofan and blue nile between the sudanese army saf and sudan peoples liberation movementnorth splmn, a northern affiliate of the sudan peoples liberation movement splm in south sudan. Pdf resourcebased conflict in south sudan and gambella.
A human rights report united nations mission in south sudan. Sudan and south sudans merging conflicts crisis group. Resourcebased conflict in south sudan and gambella ethiopia. To do so, it will follow an adapted conflict analysis framework, originally designed for peacebuilding planning. Understanding the roots of conflict in south sudan.
Applying dynamical systems theory to understand local conflict in south sudan contexts is distinct from the broader, national level cleavages that beset these countries during the war and requires more attention from researchers and practitioners autesserre 2010 and united states. Much of the violence in sudan and south sudan has been incorrectly labeled as terrorism, and systemic conditions are often cited as the root cause. During the 1990s, uganda was suspicious of islamist sudans apparent desire to expand arab and islamic influence southwards. Deepen their engagement in the region, including by. Sudan and south sudans merging conflicts the web site cannot. South sudans ongoing civil war tests ethiopias foreign. This paper aims at analysing the current conflict situation in south sudan, and to find reasons for the protracted armed conflict. But even as the civil war between north and south was reaching what was thought to be the ultimate conclusion, another conflict was brewing in the little known western portion of sudan.
South sudan since 15 december 20, which has had such disastrous economic, political and social consequences for the people of south sudan. An analysis of mediation as a tool in conflict resolution. Agreement on the resolution of the conflict in south sudan. Sudans northern neighbour, the republic of the sudan, is currently a comesa member state and thereby subject to the comesa competitionlaw regulations and related merger notification regime. Learn about the civil war in south sudan, sanctions imposed by the united states and europe, and other recent developments on cfrs global conflict tracker.
The dinka, the ethnic group that president kiir comes from, represents approximately, 35. In 2017, south sudans civil war entered its fourth year, spreading across the country with new fighting in greater upper nile, western bahr al ghazal, and the equatorias, featuring highly. Conflict analysis and options for systemic conflict. South sudan, as a result of tribal and political conflict, is a country in name only. The sudan and south sudan conflict 101 the borgen project. Although there is no formal death toll for the south sudan conflict, tens of thousands of people are estimated to have been killed since december, 20.
Ending south sudans civil war council on foreign relations. Representation and access to these resources have often been. But the jubilation over this newfound freedom was fleeting, and internal strife has marred much of its short life as an independent state. A social and behaviour change communication initiative page 3 the following individuals from forcier consulting contributed to the field research and analysis. South sudan hasnt known peace since it became an independent nation in 2011. Great britain established colonial rule of the region sudan in the 19th century. The relationship between sudan and south sudan after. Mortality, acute malnutrition and disease have been exacerbated by the conflict.
Lack of education is often overlooked as a cause of south sudans conflict. A renewed focus on south sudan is in order given the recent conflict in juba from july 711. South sudans war has brought underlying regional tensions to the fore. Sudanese conflict in south kordofan and blue nile wikipedia. South sudans current conflict leaves residents in desperate state nprs kelly mcevers speaks with justin lynch, a journalist in juba, south sudan, about the roots of the current conflict in. Pdf with the south sudanese conflict in its fifth year in 2018, this. When the conflict began between the dinka and nuer groups, uganda entered juba, the capital of south sudan, to secure the area and allow refugees to leave the city.
Today, due to the horrific events that have occurred there over the past several years, we know it as darfur. The signing of a comprehensive peace agreement by the sudanese government and the rebel group splma brought about the end to decades of civil war, and south sudans independence in 2011. The conflict has been marked by the failure of the government of the republic of south sudan. Igads mediation in the current south sudan conflict. As foreseen by the cpa, a referendum on the independence of south sudan was held in january 2011. Social scientists in sudan and south sudan have also turned their critical attention to colonial administrators,10 development and humanitarian practitioners,11 lobby groups,12 and their own discipline. United nations mission in the republic of south sudan unmiss since the outbreak of the conflict on 15 december. Baseline assessment communicating for peace in south sudan. Uganda, south sudans southern neighbor, has had an enduring role in aiding south sudan in its infant years. Sudan consisted of kingdoms and tribal communities until the turkoegyptian invasion of 1821. The genesis, dynamics and effects of the civil war in south sudan mr.
Aly verjee with little more than a month left before a new transitional government is set to assume power in south sudan, efforts to keep the latest peace agreement on track are becoming more urgent, even as most key pretransition deadlines have been missed and the political will of the belligerents. Sudan and south sudan s merging conflicts crisis group africa report n223, 29 january 2015 page iii recommendations to deescalate sudan s and south sudan s conflicts on the ground to china and the u. In late december 20, following months of deteriorating political relations between the president and opposition members, armed conflict erupted between elements of the presidential guard in juba. Right from the independence of sudan from the british colonial government in 1956, the government of sudan was overly dominated by northern arabs and it entered into an armed conflict with south sudanese rebels. Peace and conflict studies, security publish your bachelors or masters thesis, dissertation, term paper or essay. The case of south sudans agreement on the resolution of the conflict in south sudan. The report builds upon the unmiss interim report on human rights, released on 21 february. Pdf a strategic analysis of conflict in sudan and south. Take a look at the timeline below for a peek into the countrys history, from its violent split from sudan through to today. The south sudan conflict is one of the longest in global history. Machar denied trying to start a coup and fled to lead the splm in opposition splmio. Badal, the rise and fall of separatism in southern sudan, african affairs 75, 301 1976, pp.
In 1924, the british divided the region into two territories. This article argues that terrorism is the use of violence to coerce political concessions and. One study of 24 communities in unity state found that nearly 8000 people had been killed over a twelvemonth period. Finding peaceful resolution to the conflict in south sudan. Talks led by east africas igad offer the best chance to end south sudans spreading war. Igad center for pastoral areas and livestock development. South sudan has, since at least the 2012 talks in uganda, likewise been in negotiations with the comesa governing bodies to discuss. As its implementation faltered, violence between factions broke out again in july 2016, setting back the peace process once again. However, many issues remain unresolved for south sudan and its northern neighbour. Sudan and south sudan conflict by emma macdougall on prezi.
Igad center of excellence in preventing and countering violent extremism. South sudans civil war is the result of a weakly institutionalized state and may require the african unions intervention to find peace and. South sudan, the worlds youngest country, gained independence on 9 july 2011 following decades of war, lengthy negotiations and a referendum to secede from sudan. Today, there is still no end in sight to the civil war raging in south sudan. Agreement on the resolution of the conflict in the republic of south sudan. Since the eruption of the armed conflict in the south sudan, the. The south sudanese civil war was a conflict in south sudan between forces of the government and opposition forces. The rupture in south sudan was preceded by continuous warfare in darfur and renewed conflict in south kordofan and blue nile states, a. Profoundly regretting the suffering and distress caused to the people of south sudan by the conflict ongoing in south sudan since 15 december 20 and apologising unconditionally to. The case of south sudans agreement on the resolution of the. The untold story from independence to civil war, hilde f johnson. Role of igad in resolving the conflict in south sudan.
South sudan conflict analysis brief south sudan, the worlds youngest nation, continues to struggle despite the august 2015 signature of a peace agreement. Uprisings that erupted after the elections of 2010 and independence in 2011 and the clashes at the border between sudan and south sudan have been discussed in academic as well as policyrelated publications. After years of conflict, a comprehensive peace agreement between the sudanese government and southern sudan is signed. In december 20, president kiir accused his former deputy riek machar and ten others of attempting a coup detat. Igad khartoum declaration of agreement between parties. Re sudans rape of darfur, by george clooney, john prendergast and akshaya kumar oped, feb. Supporting igadplus efforts to get the parties agreement on a final peace deal in the coming weeks is the best if imperfect chance to end the conflict and prevent further regionalisation. South sudans civil war, which began in december 20, continued in 2016 with serious abuses against civilians by both government forces and opposition fighters despite a peace agreement signed. The sudan and south sudan conflict 101 in order to understand the conflict between sudan and south sudan, it is necessary to understand the colonial history of sudan.
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